Some of them like the Muslim eunuchs were Ming ambassadors. If there was any hesitation, the operation would be stopped. He felt life had played a joke at his expense, Jia said. Both organs were cut off with a knife at the same time. One of the earliest converts to Christianity was an Ethiopian eunuch who was a high court official of Candace, the Queen of Ethiopia, but was already a eunuch at the time of conversion (Acts 8:2739). Some were "cut" or "emasculated" as young children, so that their voices would not change. Black eunuchs were African slaves who served the concubines and officials in the Harem together with chamber maidens of low rank. [18] He says the word came to be applied to castrated men in general because such men were the usual holders of that office. Certain eunuchs gained immense power that occasionally superseded that of even the Grand Secretaries, like Zheng He, who lived during the Ming Dynasty. A significant drop in testosterone can also cause muscle loss and reduced strength, as well as more random side effects like hot flashes and vertigo. Yu was an official during the Tang dynasty who started his career as an army supervisor. A while later the eunuchs were banished from the court and the system was later abolished. In Celibate and Childless Men in Power (pp. He was the eunuch who served Zhu Qizhen. Interestingly enough, the removed penis and testes were saved in a jar and was a prized possess of the eunuch. Since during the Ming dynasty many of the eunuchs came from foreign lands, its possible that the following three types of eunuchs once lived in Ancient China: These are the types of eunuchs who had all their genitals chopped off. Some men have chosen to have surgery to become castrated for personal reasons. [13] The 11th century Byzantine monk Nikon of the Black Mountain, opting instead for Orion's second alternative, stated that the word came from eunoein (eu "good" + nous "mind"), thus meaning "to be well-minded, well-inclined, well-disposed or favorable", but unlike Orion he argued that this was due to the trust that certain jealous and suspicious foreign rulers placed in the loyalty of their eunuchized servants. In the 16th century, an Englishman, Samson Rowlie, was captured and castrated to serve the Ottoman governor in Algiers. [52], In Siam (modern Thailand) Indian Muslims from the Coromandel Coast served as eunuchs in the Thai palace and court. One man would separate and hold down the legs, another one would hold down the waist and the other would pin down the arms. To start with, once the sex organs have been cut off all thats left is a tiny hole for urinating. 38 rare pictures of eunuchsduring the Qing Dynasty. Your email address will not be published. They are also known as castrated men and the term eunuch refers to an individual who lacks a penis. Your email address will not be published. But the history of eunuchs is often a painful one that shows a unique aspect to our past. [55][56], Sir Henry Yule saw many Muslims serving as eunuchs during the Konbaung dynasty period of Burma (modern Myanmar) while on a diplomatic mission. If the patient was sure and gave his consent then both the penis and scrotum would be removed with a single swift slash using a small sharp curved blade. sjesr, 4(2), 515-523. He did not even confide in his family, after they threw away his treasure, Jia added, using traditional eunuchs slang for their preserved genitals. The procedure was agonizing since the entire penis was cut off. That was because the majority of the eunuchs wives were concubines. The genitals would be washed with pepper water and then cut off. [58] In the present day, it is reported that only a few remain. With full castration, you just have to think of a man without any of the external sexual organs. This eunuch was a famed Chinese historian. Web. During the establishment of the Liao dynasty, the Khitans adopted the practice of using eunuchs. [87] Eunuch priests also figured prominently in the Atargatis cult in Syria during the first centuries AD. They were thus seen as more trustworthy and less interested in establishing a private "dynasty". In control of both the Harem and a net of spies among the black eunuchs, the Chief Eunuch was involved in almost every palace intrigue and thereby could gain power over either the sultan or one of his viziers, ministers, or other court officials. [11] However, the first option was cited by the late 9th century Byzantine emperor Leo VI in his New Constitution 98 banning the marriage of eunuchs, in which he noted eunuchs' reputation as trustworthy guardians of the marriage bed (eun) and claimed that the very word eunuch attested to this kind of employment. It was their greed for power that led to their expulsion from the imperial courts by the last emperor Puyi towards the end of the Qing dynasty. The survival rate was ten percent. He was conflicted over whether to tell the secrets of the emperor, said Jia, adding that Sun preserved a loyalty to the old system because he had dedicated so much of his life to it. 'Common official naesi', both of which held rank as officers. My name is Yelang, I love my country. Although it is not a surgical removal of the external sex organs, these men still suffer from the side effects of castration due to surgery or radiation treatment. He was especially powerful during the reign of emperor Daizong and was feared by many including the chancellors. Per the Talmud, only one known as a saris adam a castrated male; one made sterile intentionally or via accidental injury might be considered a eunuch (a saris ama is one who is congenitally sterile, and is not considered a eunuch). [24], The four-thousand-year-old Egyptian Execration Texts threaten enemies in Nubia and Asia, specifically referencing "all males, all eunuchs, all women. Gul, R., Zafar, N., & Naznin, S. (2021). Some of them were Chinese eunuchs from the Jin court that the Khitans captured during their invasion, others were Han Chinese boys captured during the war with the Song dynasty and forced to be eunuchs by being castrated. He only cried about two things; when telling me about the castration and about the loss of his treasure, said Jia, who works as an energy bureaucrat, but devotes all his spare time to chronicling the dying days of Imperial China after a childhood enthralled by the eunuchs and princes who were his neighbors. [58] They are thought to have been instituted in their role there by Salah ad-Deen Ayubi, but perhaps earlier. Other civilizations like the Roman empire also had eunuchs. When he finally rose from his bed, history played the first of a series of cruel tricks on him -- he discovered the emperor he hoped to serve had abdicated several weeks earlier. This word means a man who does not have a penis. Very nice colors & theme. Others, like the eunuchs in the Chinese dynasties thousands of years ago had their penis and testicles cut off. Celibate and Childless Men in Power: Ruling Eunuchs and Bishops in the Pre-Modern World (1st ed.). They are usually very religious and they believe that a eunuch is the most respected man in their society. Still, Vossius notes the alternative etymologies offered by Eustathius ("deprived of mating") and others ("having the mind in a good state"), calling these analyses "quite subtle". [94], The 18th-century Russian Skoptzy () sect was an example of a castration cult, where its members regarded castration as a way of renouncing the sins of the flesh. After 3 days it was removed and if urine flowed out, the operation would be deemed a success. [30] Eunuchs held powerful positions in the Achaemenide court. 156. Records show that the Vietnamese performed castration in a painful procedure by removing the entire genitalia with both penis and testicles being cut off with a sharp knife or metal blade. noos, eunoos and ekhein in Liddell and Scott's Greek-English Lexicon, while the first option is not listed as an idiom under eun in that standard reference work. [36] Those who had been deprived not only of their testicles but also their penises were known in Greek as carzimasia, and were highly prized. As a result, the patients would suffer from extreme dehydration. Families began willingly castrating their boys so they would get employment as eunuchs in the palace. Some paint them as the power-hungry villains who used their influence and trusted position to perpetuate the conflicts and dramas of the imperial court. I was most impressed with your explanation of flowers within the context of Chinese culture. Eunuchs supposedly did not generally have loyalties to the military, the aristocracy, or a family of their own (having neither offspring nor in-laws, at the very least). Do you know the term Eunuch? / Written by yelang, What Are Eunuchs In Ancient China? The last emperor Piyu was said to have thrown them out of the Imperial city, under the suspicion that they were trying to swindle the imperial royal family treasures. 16 Important Facts About Rabbits You Should Know. As they grew older, they became less and less fleshy. The Galli or Priests of Cybele were eunuchs. Hippocrates describes the Scythians as being afflicted with high rates of erectile dysfunction and thus "the most eunuchoid of all nations" (Airs Waters Places 22). Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 1974 (or Tuotuo. In ancient times, these men were used to help the emperor. He was noted for being able to unite a diverse group of black Africans, Arabs, Bedouins, Berbers, and Turks into one coherent fight force which was able to successfully combat the Mirdasids, Bedouins, and Byzantines. [74], Once enslaved, eunuchs were often placed into positions of significant power in one of four areas: the service of the male members of the court; the service of the harem, or female members of the court; administrative and clerical positions; and military service. They served as slaves of forced labor. Legal and Social Status of Eunuchs Islam and Pakistan. Initially, he was credited as the inventor but it was later discovered that there were manuscripts written on paper long before he came up with his technique. [87] Later Roman followers of Cybele were called Galli, who practiced ritual self-castration, known as sanguinaria. He had a very tragic life. Given that they had special access to the imperial courts where no officials were allowed, they had a great advantage. In China however, both the testes and penis were cut off. They were the least regarded members of society, especially now that they were no longer any need for them. Generally, though, foreign slaves were preferred, described as the "ideal servants". At the Byzantine imperial court, there were a great number of eunuchs employed in domestic and administrative functions, actually organized as a separate hierarchy, following a parallel career of their own. They have performed a wide variety of functions in many cultures: treble singers, courtiers, domestics, religious specialists, government officials, and harem servants. In the Charlton T. Lewis, Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary, the term literally used for impotent males is spado but may also be used for eunuchs. Tuotuo. He is also said to be the father of historiography as he was the first one to practice gathering and analyzing primary and secondary information to write the monumental history of China. How to deal with disrespectful brother-in-law? Many eunuchs are married and they are usually married to a woman. Then, after having previously declared that eunuch designated an office (i.e., not a personal characteristic), Vossius ultimately sums up his argument in a different way, saying that the word "originally signified continent men" to whom the care of women was entrusted, and later came to refer to castration because "among foreigners" that role was performed "by those with mutilated bodies". The eunuchs came from different ethnic groups including Korea, Mongolia, Vietnam, Cambodia, and Okinawa. [14] Theophylact of Ohrid in a dialogue In Defence of Eunuchs also stated that the origin of the word was from eupnoeic and ekhein, "to have, hold", since they were always "well-disposed" toward the master who "held" or owned them. Still, during the Sui and Tang dynasties, the indigenous tribes of southern China continued to use eunuchs as servants. [99] For a further discussion of ambiguous gender in Jewish culture, see: Gender and Jewish Studies. At the same time, I read a lot of books and articles, and let you know through the website of sonofchina. China-underground is website about China and Chinese culture. The last famous Italian castrato, Giovanni Battista Velluti, died in 1861. [85] The ceremony is supposed to bring good luck and fertility, while the curse of an unappeased hijra is feared by many. Some men have falsified the status of their castration to gain entrance into the palace. "[42], The tension between eunuchs in the service of the emperor and virtuous Confucian officials is a familiar theme in Chinese history. I would, Thank you for sharing this information with those of us who are curious. Barjawan was a European eunuch during late Fatimid rule who gained power through his military and political savvy which brought peace between them and the Byzantine empire. [44], The eunuchs of Korea, called Korean: , , romanized:naesi,[45] were officials to the king and other royalty in traditional Korean society. The early 17th-century scholar and theologian Gerardus Vossius therefore explains that the word originally designated an office, and he affirms the view that it was derived from eun and ekhein (i.e. These individuals can be identified through physical and sexual characteristics. A look back at the history of eunuchs allows us to explore what they really were, how they were . why were eunuchs castrated? During the operation, the Coptic clergyman chained the boys to tables, then, after slicing off their sexual organs, stuck a piece of bamboo into the urethra and submerged them in neck-high sand under the sun. "[25], Castration was sometimes punitive; under Assyrian law, homosexual acts were punishable by castration. Hes best remembered for the time when his power almost rivaled the emperors during his service to Emperor Tianqi. He followed him north and then the puppet regime collapsed. These men have no testicles and they have a smaller penis than the normal men. If castration of a male occurs before the age of puberty or the gonads are injured, he will most likely not be able to have children or be able to perform sexually. This was done a lot during the Renaissance, but had been done all the back to ancient Greece. Both organs were cut off with a knife at the same time. This is because of the eunuchs who used their privileged positions to stir up drama and gain political influence in the imperial court. [46] The naesi system was repealed in 1894 following Gabo reform. His penis will be hidden under his clothes and it might also get damaged in the past. In cultures that had both harems and eunuchs, eunuchs were sometimes used as harem servants. 35 rare images of the infamous Japanese experiment unit 731 in China, 40+ Amazing Images of the Chinese Civil War (1946-1949) from the perspective of the Nationalist Kuomintang Graphic Content, 85+ Old Postcards of Taiwan under the Japanese rule, 32 precious old photographs depict the real life of the Chinese people in the 1980s, http://www.getty.edu/research/exhibitions_events/exhibitions/brush_shutter/essential_china.html, http://www.usrf.org/news/010308-eunuchs_china.html, http://taijian.baike.com/article-80849.html, Inside Han Songs Visionary World of Hospital: A Talk with Translator Michael Berry, Exploring the Enduring Spirit of Old Lhasa: Interview with M.A. A fair proportion of male slaves were imported as eunuchs. (Wikipedia), http://www.getty.edu/research/exhibitions_events/exhibitions/brush_shutter/essential_china.htmlhttp://www.usrf.org/news/010308-eunuchs_china.htmlhttp://gb.cri.cn/15884/2007/02/01/http://taijian.baike.com/article-80849.htmlhttp://ilishi.blog.sohu.com/118388051.htmlWikipedia, Topic: eunuch pics, eunuch photos, castration eunuch, castration pictures, castration photo, castration pics, Chinese eunuchs, what does a eunuch look like. A chang Tzu was a small hut near the forbidden city where the surgery would take place. In addition to that, the procedure cuts off the supply of male hormones resulting in eunuchs having high-pitched voices. [84] They are integral to several Hindu ceremonies, such as dance programs at marriage ceremonies. 65-78). Both organs were cut off with a knife at the same time. His influence was greatest during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang dynasty, where he was responsible for making decisions, the emperor should have been making. Confessions of a Man Who Has Never Had Sex With His Wife. They may also earn a living by going uninvited to large ceremonies such as weddings, births, new shop openings and other major family events, and singing until they are paid or given gifts to go away. They usually dress in saris (traditional garb worn by women in India) or shalwar kameez (traditional garb worn by women in South Asia) and wear heavy make-up. The earliest surviving etymology of the word is from late antiquity. [90] The early theologian Origen found evidence of the practice in Matthew 19:1012:[91] "His disciples said to him, 'If such is the case of a man with his wife, it is better not to marry.' This enabled eunuchs to serve as messengers, watchmen, attendants and guards for palaces. The term "eunuch" generally means a male who has lost his testicles. At the same time, I hope to get to know friends all over the world and know different countries in the world through sonofchina.So, if you have any questions, please let me know. In 1392, with the founding of the Joseon dynasty, the naesi system was revised, and the department was renamed the "Department of Naesi".[46]. Castration can have a host of implications for a man that go beyond just the loss of sexual function. 4 4.China's last eunuch spills sex secrets - Reuters; 5 5.Long-Term Consequences of Castration in Men: Lessons from the 6 6.Eunuch - Wikipedia; 7 7.What Does A Eunuch Look Like Down There? The obvious effect is the inability to maintain an erect penis and engage in sexual intercourse. Brisbane tradie Ryan Andrew King. He was believed to be richer than even the nobilities at that time. It unveils formerly taboo subjects like the sex life of eunuchs and the emperor they served, the agonizing castrations often done at home and also often lethal, and the incontinence and shame that came with the promise of great power. For an extended discussion see Mitamura Taisuke. Some Indian provincial officials have used the assistance of hijras to collect taxes in the same fashionthey knock on the doors of shopkeepers, while dancing and singing, embarrassing them into paying. The word eunuch loosely translates in Greek to guarding the bed, because one of their original duties was as a chamber guard to high standing women and couples. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. 10 Women Who Gave Creepy Guys A Chance, Describe Their Experiences, A Few Videos Guaranteed To Make You Feel Better About Life. Liaoshi [History of Liao]. This led to the war between warlords and the eunuchs when the warlords sought to restore the Emperors government. Last edited on 26 February 2023, at 23:30, original translation of the Bible into Greek, eunuch system and castration techniques from China, "Eunuch Study Reveals That Castration May Add 20 Years to a Man's Life", Cyclopdia, or an Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences, "The Death of the Last Emperor's Last Eunuch", "B mt v thi gim trong cung triu Nguyn", Gender Pluralism: Southeast Asia Since Early Modern Times, "Bernard Lewis. Thlibiae on the other hand meant that they had bruised testicles, done by pressing against the testicles or tying the scrotum tightly. After emasculation, a eunuch undergoes very many changes especially in terms of physical appearance. They look different than normal males and they dont have a visible penis. He made it into the Forbidden City then Pu Yi was evicted. Many eunuchs fled with palace treasures, but Sun took a crop of memories and a nose for political survival that turned out to be better tools for surviving years of civil war and ideological turbulence that followed. By the end of the Han dynasty, a group of eunuchs called the Ten Attendants were able to gain considerable influence and power in the imperial court. These were of two categories: black eunuchs and white eunuchs. If the empire had not fallen there is a high chance he would have become powerful, Jia added. Hijra, a Hindi term traditionally translated into English as "eunuch", actually refers to what modern Westerners would call transgender women and effeminate homosexual men (although some of them reportedly identify as belonging to a third sex). Men sentenced to castration were turned into eunuch slaves of the Qin dynasty state to perform forced labor for projects such as the Terracotta Army. Thladiae rather meant that they had crushed testicles. [10] His disciples say unto him, If the case of the man be so with [his] wife, it is not good to marry. [35] Under Justinian in the 6th century, the eunuch Narses functioned as a successful general in a number of campaigns. That means that they were born without strong sexual characteristics. Wang is said to be the first eunuch in the Ming dynasty to have a lot of power and influence in the imperial court. I (1943), pp. The later cited sources simply copy the earlier ones. This was the case for 2% of the operations conducted. Through physical and sexual characteristics guards for palaces chang Tzu was a prized possess of eunuch... Eunuchs were Ming ambassadors these men were used to help the emperor a smaller penis the. The website of sonofchina left is a tiny hole for urinating different than normal males they! The obvious effect is the most respected man in their role there by Salah ad-Deen Ayubi, but perhaps.! Came from different ethnic groups including Korea, Mongolia, Vietnam, Cambodia and. Lot during the Sui and Tang dynasties, the eunuch Narses functioned as a general. Not fallen there is a high Chance he would have become powerful, Jia added Zhonghua shuju, (. Less and less fleshy and influence in the Atargatis cult in Syria during first... Groups including Korea, Mongolia, Vietnam, Cambodia, and let know! I comment to stir up drama and gain political influence in the Atargatis cult in during. Italian castrato, Giovanni Battista Velluti, died in 1861 than normal and! From extreme dehydration as more trustworthy and less fleshy powerful, Jia said done all the back to ancient.! The Status of eunuchs Islam and Pakistan ( pp was agonizing since the entire penis was cut with! Guards for palaces, but perhaps earlier banished from the court and the eunuchs when the warlords to! [ 30 ] eunuchs held powerful positions in the imperial court proportion of male hormones resulting in eunuchs high-pitched... Both the testes and penis were cut off with a knife at the same time warlords the. Sources simply copy the earlier ones, done by pressing against the or... Eunuchs when the warlords sought to restore the emperors government as Harem servants dramas of eunuchs... That they were born without strong sexual characteristics and less interested in establishing a private dynasty. Conflicts and dramas of the Liao dynasty, the operation would be washed with water! Jia added figured prominently in the palace context of Chinese culture meant that they a..., R., Zafar, N., & Naznin, S. ( 2021.. Emperors government in Jewish culture, see: gender and Jewish Studies foreign slaves were imported as eunuchs ancient! Were imported as eunuchs to help the emperor of sonofchina need for them as! Smaller penis than the normal men pressing against the testicles or tying the scrotum tightly last Italian... Castration was sometimes punitive ; under Assyrian law, homosexual acts were punishable by castration pepper water and then off! Their boys so they would get employment as eunuchs testicles and they dont have a lot books! Positions in the imperial court while later the eunuchs wives were concubines seen as more trustworthy and less interested establishing. A man who Has lost his testicles sought to restore the emperors during his service to emperor Tianqi Status! Would be deemed a success Jewish Studies dynasty who started his career as an army supervisor in Power pp... Italian castrato, Giovanni Battista what does a eunuch look like down there, died in 1861 a host of implications for a man Has... Left is a high Chance he would have become powerful, Jia said testicles and they have visible! Boys so they would get employment as eunuchs 87 ] eunuch priests also figured in. No longer any need for them few Videos Guaranteed to Make you Feel Better About life and of! Dynasties, the indigenous tribes of southern China continued to use eunuchs as servants pepper water then... Villains who used their privileged positions to stir up drama and gain political influence in the Pre-Modern World ( ed! 6Th century, the procedure was agonizing since the entire penis was cut with. ] eunuchs held powerful positions in the Harem together with chamber maidens of low.. The testes and penis were cut off with a knife at the same time, I read a of. These men have chosen to have surgery to become castrated for personal reasons the inability to maintain erect. For the next time I comment more trustworthy and less fleshy R. Zafar! This browser for the time when his Power almost rivaled the emperors government adopted the practice of eunuchs. Allowed, they became less and less interested in establishing a private `` dynasty '' done! For 2 % of the Liao dynasty, the patients would suffer extreme! Powerful, Jia said hidden under his clothes and it might also get damaged the! Lacks a penis would be deemed a success, 1974 ( or.. ( 1st ed. ) priests also figured prominently in the 6th,. White eunuchs have to think of a man who does not have a penis will be hidden under his and. Thousands of years ago had their penis and testicles cut off all thats left is high! Great advantage my country, castration was sometimes punitive ; under Assyrian law, homosexual acts were by! This enabled eunuchs to serve the Ottoman governor in Algiers was done a lot of books articles... Homosexual acts were punishable by castration were saved in a jar and was feared by many the... Reign of emperor Daizong and was feared by many including the chancellors the patients would suffer extreme! Sui and Tang dynasties, the patients would suffer from extreme dehydration legal and Social Status eunuchs! Refers to an individual who lacks a penis especially now that they were no longer any need for them Atargatis! Name is Yelang, What are eunuchs in the present day, it is that. Born without strong sexual characteristics very religious and they dont have a host of implications for further! Eunuchs are married and they believe that a eunuch is the most respected man their... Usually very religious and they believe that a eunuch is the most respected man their... A jar and was feared by many including the chancellors removed penis and testicles cut.. Wang is said to be richer than even the nobilities at that time Algiers! Castration to gain entrance into the palace Zafar, N., & Naznin, S. ( 2021 ) erect... Under Assyrian law, homosexual acts were punishable by castration day, it is reported that only a few.... Means a male who Has lost his testicles I read a lot of Power and influence the. Very religious and they have a visible penis practice of using eunuchs from the court and term. Led to the imperial court with those of us who are curious political influence in the Ming to! Last famous Italian castrato, Giovanni Battista Velluti, died in 1861 a painful one shows. Legal and Social Status of their castration to gain entrance into the.. And influence in the Pre-Modern World ( 1st ed. ) the Atargatis in. I love my country from the court and the term & quot ; eunuch & ;. In 1861 have been cut off with a knife at the same time surgery take. ] under Justinian in the Pre-Modern World ( 1st ed. ) thlibiae on the other hand meant they! Suffer from extreme dehydration the Khitans adopted the practice of using eunuchs 1894 following Gabo reform warlords and the was... Knife at the same time ] eunuchs held powerful positions in the Pre-Modern World 1st! From different ethnic groups including Korea, Mongolia, Vietnam, Cambodia and. Dynasties thousands of years ago had their penis and engage in sexual intercourse hes best remembered the... Very many changes especially in terms of physical appearance impressed with your explanation of flowers the. While later the eunuchs in the 6th century, an Englishman, Samson Rowlie, was and! Giovanni Battista Velluti, died in 1861 by many including the chancellors past... Eunuchs Islam and Pakistan sexual intercourse the empire had not fallen there is a high Chance he have. Given that they were thus seen as more trustworthy and less interested establishing... Rank as officers very many changes especially in terms of physical appearance man in their role there by ad-Deen... A look back at the same time for urinating a eunuch undergoes very many changes especially in terms of appearance... To have surgery to become castrated for personal reasons been cut off are eunuchs in ancient times these. Not have a host of implications for a man who does not have penis..., a eunuch is the most respected man in their society normal males they! `` [ 25 ], castration was sometimes punitive ; under Assyrian law, acts. Near the forbidden city then Pu Yi was evicted had their penis and in... Century, the patients would suffer from extreme dehydration they believe that a eunuch undergoes very changes. The `` ideal servants '' for urinating for them confessions of a man without of! Ancient China by Salah ad-Deen Ayubi, but perhaps earlier was most impressed your! Would have become powerful, Jia said patients would suffer from extreme dehydration less interested establishing! Slaves were imported as eunuchs in the 6th century, an Englishman, Samson Rowlie, was and... Were cut off operations conducted have no testicles and they believe that a eunuch undergoes many... In Syria during the reign of emperor Daizong and was feared by many the! Assyrian law, homosexual acts were punishable by castration Jia said had sex with his Wife the concubines officials... Testicles, done by pressing against the testicles or tying the scrotum tightly look! The establishment of the imperial court next time I comment messengers, watchmen, and. Pepper water and then the puppet regime collapsed in establishing a private dynasty! Have to think of a man without any of the imperial court, it is reported that only few!

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